I got a couple of comments on this blog asking to deal with Exploded views. So, today, I will be covering on some tips for exploded view drawing. Note that these topics are not at all required for UCEED students, so they are not advised to go through this or any of sketch/design related post as of now. CEED and NID students would find this helpful.
Before explaining exploded view, let me introduce you with assembly drawing, the most common term for mechanical engineers.
Many of the products in our surroundings are made of several small parts. Take the example of a Pen. A typical pen is a combination of rifle, outer top case, outer bottom plastic/metal case, cap and a holder to the cap. A combination of these we call as a pen, and representing the parts together intact in their working position is termed as 'Assembling' or 'Assembly drawing'.
Exploded view is quite opposite of assembling. Although the view should show all parts in unassembled part, the parts are not intact, meaning they will be shown separately, which are ready to be assembled. Again, let us take the example of a simple bolt-nut combination with a washer in between, as shown in the below image.
Clearly, the above product is an assembly of three parts, viz. bolt, washer and nut. (If you're not able to identify the three parts, check the below image). As indicated by the blue lined arrow in the above image, the two parts (nut and then washer) has to be moved in the direction in order to disassemble it (along the axis indicated by red line in the image). The separated parts would look something like below.
The above picture could be considered as exploded view, since it clearly specifies the individual parts in their assembling positions. If we undo the process, I mean slid the washer and nut along the axis of movement (red line), then it will get assembled, right? This is a proper way of representing.
However, people often do the mistake the showing parts in different directions/axis not in-line with the assembly. For example, in the above image, we know that the washer and nut should lie along the red axis line to be assembled, now consider the below image
Both the parts are on the other side of the bolt face, and if we try sliding it in the axis direction (along red axis as shown by blue arrows), we cannot assemble it, so, this is not a good way of representing.
Also, check the below image,
The axis of the two parts (green line) are not in line with the axis of the base part (bolt - red line), and so any movement of the nut/washer will not end in assembly, except you take it from green axis and place it in red axis. So, this also cannot be considered as a good exploded view. Now, check the below image which again violates and cannot support assembling of parts to form a single product with a single slide.
With the above simple example and several set of images, I hope you now got an idea of how actually to represent exploded views. Individual parts (that forms the complete product) has to be shown apart from the base part, such that they are inline (along the same axis) while during assembly.
For the above design, one possible exploded view could be drawn as below
Although, I could've showed exploded details of more features/parts like the compass, mp3 player, switch, LED light in the top front as well as at the bottom etc, still it is valid since, whatever separate parts that I've shown including the screw, they were placed at the proper place in the proper direction.
Below, is one more design question from CEED 2013 solution to Part B question paper, in which we were supposed to design a mop that will allow cleaning in nuke and corners of the home.
Hope, you can now deal with exploded views easily. For more examples, just go through google images and type for any specific products exploded view say pens.
NOTE:This post is not for UCEED aspirants. UCEED has no sketching in their syllabus as on date (2017). This post is applicable to CEED, NID or any other design exam where subjective (sketching, creative drawing etc) are part of the exam.
Well, many of you might be wondering
"How to learn/improve sketching from scratch ?"
"What sketch level is required for CEED exam ?"
Sketching is the one most important tool in communicating your design ideas. It should be effective and should deliver the ideas at first instance. Now, it doesn't mean your work should be extraordinary or awesome. A simple and ordinary sketching level is most desirable and more than enough for CEED exam. I have been receiving many queries regarding the level of sketching as well as how the master level works in Facebook groups are distracting them. Students keep on asking me "Is that level required ?"
Well, these sketching works were of course damn cool but honestly speaking this much sketching skill is Absolutely not required for your CEED exam. It won't be helping you get more marks compared to the importance or weight-age of design ideas. If you already have that much skill, then it's ok, else if you are average in sketching or even if you are just a starter, then guys don't worry; this level is not at all required and the strategy/steps (that i'm going to discuss) in this tutorial would definitely help you improve within time ! This is a systematic approach to learn drawing skills and might suite for most design exams. At the end, I have also given a good tips on comic strips and story board kind of sketches.
At the end of this article I've also included a very good video tutorial about "The best sketch level for CEED exam as well as how to learn sketching" with all additional explanations. You may want to check that.
Sketching Level required/sufficient for CEED and UCEED exams
Little realization before looking into steps
CEED Part - B mostly concentrate on design part and as you can see design questions carries 50 marks. So, it's better if you concentrate more on this rather than working more on objective sketching. Sketching questions (objective sketching) in CEED exam is usually asked for not more than 15 or 20 marks. So, even if you spend considerable time and struggle in every respect to get total marks, then also you need to gain more marks to get good score and hence good seat.
If you are average in sketching, then you may even neglect attempting the objective sketching part (or at least give minimum preference), and concentrate only on design part of the exam. Trust me, attempting 50 marks design question with average details (sketching details and shading) would definitely help you secure more marks, and so plan for attempting your design question in full fledged, instead of bothering much for the 15/20 marks sketch question. Last year, I tried my best level to work on the 15 marks sketch question but could only get 2-3 marks (I guess) even though the work was great ! and I made my design question very roughly concerning much for the idea and surprisingly I got unexpected marks. Same happened with many people.
So, don't worry if you are not a master in drawing, and don't fear going through the others work in Facebook groups or in net. You are in safer side - you just need to plan intelligently and learn the basic steps or strategy that would easily help you crack CEED with just simple sketching and detailing works. Many good artists couldn't got into M.Des last year ! Your design idea is more important and whether you communicate that with simple (but practical way) or hi-fi level; your work gets evaluated.
Therefore I'm giving the below strategy considering that you are much bothered about the design sketch rather than objective type - although, the tutorial also covers how to deal with (learn/improve) objective drawing parallel. If you already know good knowledge on sketching, then you may skip first six steps and read from seventh step.
Step - 1
Before learning how to draw objects, products etc, my idea is you learn some basics about perspective and perspective drawing. In practical, every picture, photography or art for that matter will assume some perception in one way or other. Now that I mentioned perspective, what do I mean by it ?, perspective view is the true or original view that appears to our eyes. Whenever we see something, we see the edges/lines converging/diverging towards some points called vanishing points. Okay, let's forget the theory, the below picture shows how the boxes are converging.
So, whether you work on objective drawings or design drawings; sketching them in perspective way should be a concern every time. It helps to support reality in your pictures/sketches and you know reality/practical is what is expected from your designs/sketches. So, start practicing simple line drawings in perspective with no (zero) care for details/shades - by just copying from already drawn pictures like the one shown below.
You need not even draw objects in this exercise, just the lines are to be practiced. Do this by taking quite a good number of examples from Google images and practice for say 2 or 3 days. By the time you do some good number of simple exercises of copy-drawing, I'm sure you would understand automatically how lines converge and what it mean by vanishing points; and you will see yourself perceive images in perspective ! Also start observing everything (surroundings, objects, products) in perspective manner like the example I've given below.
Step - 2
Now, after going through the above basic step, start practicing doing the same type of sketching but this time with objects included - just copy-sketching, okay ? Objects mean things like say if you are sketching a room in perspective, then also include things like table, chairs, TV or other simple simple products. Remember, you still need not have to work on details/shading. You still have to wait for the right time ! The below picture shows an example. Although it shows some shades/details, just neglect that for now (in this exercise period). Do, this exercise for 3 to 4 days.
Step - 3
Now, assuming that you understood and got good idea on perspective sketching by following the first two steps, the next thing you need to do is to practice the perception sketching, but this time in reality. Say if you are sitting in a room, then just sit at one corner/end of the room and try to draw the view of the other end or anything that appears to your eye; for that matter. Observe the room and sketch in perspective point of view like that I visualized in the above picture.
This is a very good sketching exercise and it helps you in eliminating time wastage during exams for sketching a view or even products in different views. So, practice this exercise by sitting at various locations - various corners, room, hall, office, part etc, for not less than 4 days. And yes, I expect you to continue this step till the end of your practice, whenever you find time !
Step - 4
Congrats, you now know how to master perspective and imaginative sketching within a week or 10 days, I mean you are ready for the second stage of sketching. Well, if you have observed any question in CEED or any design exam, the above kind of sketching works appear very less, but they are such important that they will help you in further stages of sketching and hence it is advisable to not neglect them; unless you don't have time !
Now, you need to expose and know how to sketch different objects, things, products and so on, before you intend to attempt design questions. Say for example, if they ask multi-purpose walking stick design. Then you should be in a position to know the basic walking stick sketch or you should at least be in a position to imagine the same and draw, but without consuming much time !
So, what you need to do is 'Observe' and try to sketch different daily products, objects, home appliances etc like say walking stick, mops, laptops, desktop, bicycle, utensils, electrical appliances like mixers (and more to mention); just to make sure that you know how to draw the basic shape and view of those objects. Just take regular object images from Google search or any other images and then start sketching as it is (copying).
Do, this exercise for not less than 5 days taking different products and learning how to draw them in two-dimensional (plain sketch); without the need for details/shading. Remember, the outline or sketch shape and proportions are more important than the details itself. So, master the art of size and proportion sketching of regular things by just copy-sketching in the beginning.
Step - 5
You may start practicing simple, two-dimension line sketching of animals, humans at this point (after you learnt how to draw objects by copying as it is). The below picture shows the simple image of a human and animal. Just practice this kind of sketches in this step.
Proportion is one important factor in human or animal sketches. The below pictures gives you an idea of what proportion to follow while drawing these pictures. I'm saying again, concern more on size and proportion instead of details !
Well, this is not mandatory but you need to approach this standards approximately to give the sketch a better size and reality look.
Step - 6
Now, take any live picture (photography or image) like the one shown below, and try to draw it just in 2D (two dimension), applying your knowledge of perspective, line quality, size and shape factors as you have learnt in the earlier steps.
Do, this kind of exercise by taking variety of objects/products or pictures. This step would help you in converting reality views into imaginative views, which is one required quality for designers. This will directly help with your sketching skills.
Step - 7
Now, move towards isometric or 3D sketching - by taking same pictures and drawing that in different views (again copy work). The below pictures shows an example - I made the picture in NASA's VSP software (Vehicle sketch pad), but you need to make them in pencil.
Sketch them in different views and most importantly observe, analyze and understand
Perceptive in it,
How things are oriented/arranged,
How size varies at different points/parts of the sketch
How edges/lines converge and meet
What different shape things assume - I mean say in an inclined wall, a circle will appear elliptical, right ? like this observe how shapes assume once it gets transformed or once you change your view point
Take such examples from Google images and start practicing them.
Step - 8
Now, sit back and start sketching (wherever you are) the views that appear to your eyes in different orientations. Like say I'm sitting in front of my PC. I will try to sit in different positions and sketch the views like that shown in the below pictures.
This is just an example and I expect you the realize the under lying principle in doing so. The reason why because, I saw many of you are good at imagining things, but poor at sketching the same. This is so because you either don't know how to sketch that particular object or you were unable to imagine the orientation or positioning of the object. Up-to step-7, would help you with learning how to sketch different objects and this step will help you on how to sketch a known object in different angles, views etc.
This is required particularly for your design part of the exam as well as for learning general sketching. Practice this kind of exercise by considering different scenarios, products or so for at least 4 days. You may extend the number of days; if you feel further need for improvements.
Step - 9
Now, imagine a desktop computer instead of laptop (that I showed for the above example) in the same place say above the same desk and try to sketch them in different views/direction like you did in the earlier step. This is where your actual imagination work starts. Earlier, you were learning how to sketch known things and now you will be learning how to sketch imaginative things - In other words, your creativity starts from here. Do this kind of exercise for quite a good number of situations at least for 4 days.
Step - 10
Once you have mastered the perspective and proportionate way of sketching, and you also came to know how to put your imaginative views in sketch form, you can now go for giving little details and shading works to your already drawn sketches. I've given some reference material at the end of this article, that might help you learn something about shading and textures.
As far as possible, keep the shades and details very less. As you can see from my dustbin design work (below picture) that I did in my CEED exam last year, although I gave very few details to the sketch, still it looks good and delivers my ideas, isn't it ? Well, I would recommend you to go for some more detailing works (than I gave in the picture) to make it look more reasonable. Keep it optimum.
Take the below walking stick example that I drew, I gave reasonable details but anyway; everything seems to be in proportion. Especially size in more important.
The below sketch was drawn by a friend of mine. Now you see, the length of the stick is very small compared to the handle. So, the sketch is not good and totally impractical. Do concern for size factors !
Step - 11
Now, step further - frame a scenario; imagine you are sitting in your class room or office and you are viewing more similar desktop (that you sketched earlier for your home). Draw the imagined sketch roughly but minding line quality, size, shape, proportions and even with reasonable shading and detailing works. You will now understand to what extent you developed ! Do, practice such scenario.
Step - 12
Finally, do similar exercise taking into consideration some products, automobiles or any other things by combining all the above steps.
Important note
I would like to recommend sketching of portraits, cars etc as last preference that too only when you are confident up-to the above steps and you have mastered size, line quality and other factors. Portrait sketches are time consuming and eats most of your time with no productive use to you. And in fact it's some what difficult to master art of portraits, cars; within this time. You could instead bother for other design works.
Comic strip and story board board guide
While you are doing the above 12 steps, I would also recommend you to bother something about comic strips/story-board (I'm not talking about story framing, creativity or design idea generation, this article has been focused solely to develop your drawing abilities and the other said parts have to be concerned by you simultaneously). You may check this blog's resource section to get more idea about them.
Comic strip type of questions doesn't require much details and even you need not care for size/proportion. But you should really bother about the characters that you frame. Stick to the same character (especially how they look, dressing, shape of them etc) till the end of the story.
You should maintain the same tone everywhere. Characterization is the most important factor in SB framing. You may even bother very very less for the backdrops. In most (all) cases, very few details are sufficient.
Take the example of the below pictures, they are some practical comic strips that appear in regular comic books. Observe them and see how simple the background are, and how funny and simple the characters were shown and maintained till the end of story.
Even, some stories use stick figures (line figures) like the one shown below, although I son't recommend that; unless you have very very large number of strips/frames to be made.
I have included some basic step-by-step sketching examples from around the web to let you learn 'How to sketch as a beginner'. Understand how the images/cartoons are sketched from simple basic line sketches. Just go through and understand the process.
These are some simple basic sketches illustrating how by following basic steps can we sketch any figure. These pictures are not meant for practice. Of course, as time moves and as you move on to intermediate level of sketching, you will find this easy and in fact you might skip starting from line drawing.
